Famous Quotes on Health and Well-Being

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Posted 01 Dec 2013 — by admin
Category Health Procedures, Keeping Healthy

Quotes are one too many online, but famous quotes that are unique, trending and significant may not be readily available. Below are some health and well-being quotes that could guide you in maintaining good health as you embark on your life’s journey.

  1. A quotation by the great philosopher, Buddha states:

“To keep the body in good health is a duty… otherwise we shall not be able to keep our mind strong and clear.”

This quote clearly establishes the vital connection of a healthy mind and a healthy body. If your body is sick, your cognitive abilities suffer, as well. This is because the neurons are nourished by the organ-system in your body.

When there is insufficient oxygen because of anemia, the brain cells suffer and your mental capability is significantly reduced.

Likewise, when you have respiratory problems, your brain cells suffer too because they would not be obtaining sufficient nourishment and essential nutrients.

  1. Another health quotation is from another philosopher, Virgil, who declared that:

“The greatest wealth is health.”

This is a popular quotation, which is observed by everyone. A person can lose all that he has but still would be considered wealthy if he is healthy. This is because when a person gets sick, not even her wealth would matter. In fact, all her wealth would be spent until he recuperates and become healthy again. How can a person enjoy his wealth when he is bed-ridden?

  1. A quotation by Benjamin Franklin has been adapted and is being by health buffs all over the world:

“Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy wealthy and wise”

Waking up early in the morning would set your physiologic clock active for the rest of the day. Sleeping early would, also, allow your body sufficient rest and recharging. The body needs to recharge and rest for at least 8 hours. Within these 8 hours, hormones, such as Growth Hormones, are released into the bloodstream for cell growth; physiologic processes slow down so that the body could re-charge. Muscles rest and relax, respiration decreases, and mental activities are at their minimum. These would allow the body and mind to ‘recharge.’

  1. Mark Twain, a renowned author, said this about health.

“The only way to keep your health is to eat what you don’t want, drink what you don’t like, and do what you’d rather not.”

The quotation is true. Most of the delicious and enticing foods today are ‘poisons.’ They are not good for the body. Cakes, chocolates, wine, meat, and other mouth-water dishes oftentimes contain dangerous lipid substances, toxins, and high-calorie-foods.

cake_ice_cream

Vegetables, which are considered bland foods, are healthy foods because they contain anti-toxins, phytochemicals, and are low in calories. Fruits are also healthy foods because, just like vegetables, they could provide important minerals, vitamins, and essential nutrients to the body. To maintain your health, you have to eat the appropriate amount of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.

These famous quotes can help you maintain your health and well-being. So you could enjoy your life.

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Laboratory Test for Chloride Determination

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Posted 01 Dec 2013 — by admin
Category Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Procedures, Laboratory equipment

Introduction:

Chloride is an anion that appears to have fairly negative role in water balance.  It moves from one compartment to another with sodium to provide ionic balance to the positively charged sodium ions.  It is being determined routinely in the laboratory because of its relation to several diseases.  Its determination is vital to proper diagnosis, hence the appropriate skills in performing the determination is stressed in this experiment.
test_tubes_chloride_Test
Hypochloremia or low chloride level is manifested in: salt-losing nephritis associated with chronic pyelonephritis, prolonged vomiting, metabolic alkalosis.  Hyperchloremia or high chloride levels is seen in: dehydration, renal tubular acidosis, acute renal and metabolic acidosis associated with prolonged diarrhea.

Objectives:

At the end of the experiment, the student shall have:

  1. explained the principles of the determination;
  2. discussed the principles of chloride determination;
  3. enumerated factors affecting the determination;
  4. prepared the “patient” correctly, before the procedure proper
  5. collected the appropriate specimen;
  6. performed the chloride determination with the appropriate skills;
  7. reported the correct results.

MATERIALS:

DIASYS PROCEDURE:

Disposals syringe, 5cc                                applicator stick

Tourniquet                                                    test tubes, 13 x 100

2 cuvettes                                                    test tube rack

3 serological pipette, 1 ml                           aspirator

4 serological pipets, 5 ml                            pasteur pipet

  1. Dispense 500 uL of reagent into tubes labeled Blank (B), Standard (ST) and Unknown or Sample (SA)
  1. Place 5 mL of specimen into appropriately labeled tube, mix by inversion.
  1. Place 5 uL of distilled water into appropriate tube.  Mix by inversion.
  1. Place 5 uL calibrator reagent into ST tube.  Mix.
  1. Allow the solutions to incubate at 37 degrees C for 3 minutes.
  1. Adjust spectrophotometer to zero absorbance at 500 nm using chloride blank.
  1. Read and record absorbance values for calibrator and unknown.
  1. The test samples should be read 60 minutes after color development.
  1. Calculate the results by using the formula:

A of unknown

Unknown mEq/L = x Calibrator concentration

A of calibrator

Normal Values:

90 – 106 mEq/L

CSF – Adult:                          118 – 123 mEq/L

Infant:                         110 – 130 mEq/L

PRECAUTIONS:

  1. Exercise care not to touch pipet tips with the finger since chloride contamination may result.
  1. Exposure of samples or reagents to hydrochloric acid fumes may cause high results.
  1. Chloride reagents are harmful when swallowed.  DO NOT PIPET BY MOUTH.  DO NOT INHALE.
  1. Turbid reagents should not be used as these indicate deterioration.
  1. Hemolyzed serum should not be used.
  1. Serum should be separated immediately from clot.
  1. Lipemic serum must not be used.
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Science Fiction Films: Which is Better “Shutter Island” or “The Crazies”? Medication or Lobotomy?

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Posted 06 Nov 2013 — by admin
Category Diseases and Conditions, Health Procedures, Keeping Healthy

Science fiction films are thrilling stories to watch on screen. More so with medical sci-fi. If you are a movie enthusiasts, which is better “Shutter Island” or “The Crazies”?

These two films may not be purely science fiction; “The Crazies” is horror, and “Shutter Island” is a psychological thriller, but they both deal with health concerns. You can evaluate each film based on the significant information on health that it provides.

“The Crazies”

“The Crazies” is directed by Breck Eisner and stars Timothy Olyphant and Radha Mitchell. It has been given a 55/100 Metacritic score and a 6.5 IMDb score.

The plot revolves around a community which has its water contaminated with the “Trixie” virus. This virus could cause mental abnormality, making people blood-thirsty, indifferent and murderous. The film was a box-office success, although its rating is at 6.5 at IMDb.

The health information gleaned from “The Crazies”:

  • Usually, viruses have incubation periods (the “Trixie” virus had a 48-hour incubation period.)

The person does not usually display symptoms but the microorganisms are already inside his body. After the incubation period, symptoms would occur that may lead to serious complications that could cause death.

·     Contamination can come from water, the food that we eat, and the air that we breathe.

Most often viruses are easily transmitted through the air. Colds viruses could hit you instantly once you inhale the virus-laden air. You could also get infected by air droplets, or directly from a person who sneezes or coughs. Avoid staying in one area with infected persons. If you could not do this, ensure that you have a mask on. Wash your hands thoroughly before eating.

· Treat the condition as soon as symptoms appear

If you feel sick, don’t procrastinate. Visit your doctor to know why. You will have a better prognosis if the viral infection is still in the early stages. There is no cure for viral infections, what the doctor treats are the side-effects or complications that result from the infection. Viral infections are generally self-limiting, so they go away, all by themselves.

To help you determine which is better, “Shutter Island” or “The Crazies”, here are facts about the film and health facts related to it.

“Shutter Island”

This movie is directed by Martin Scorsese and stars Leonardo DiCaprio and Mark Ruffalo. It is about two marshals who investigate a psychiatric facility. “Shutter Island” is a psychological thriller that earned locally and internationally. Its Metascore is 60/100, and has an 8 rating at IMDb.

Shutter_Island

The health information gleaned from “Shutter Island”:

  • The mental state of a person affects his health significantly

Persons who are mentally ill are also sick physically. This is because it is in the brain, specifically, the hypothalamus that all stimuli from the different parts of the body are processed. Without the hypothalamus, a person would not be able to respond. There would be no feeling of pain, hunger, warmth or anything. That is why you can do anything to a comatose person, and he would not react.

·      Mind control techniques are dangerous

Unless, you are an expert, mind control has still many gray areas. Lobotomy should be the last resort in treating psychiatric patients. It should only be performed when extremely necessary. Mind relaxation methods, such as, meditation and relaxation techniques are encouraged but these are best done under an experienced guru.

Which is better “Shutter Island” or “The Crazies”? It is now your decision.

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How to Perform Orthotoluidine Test for Glucose

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Posted 02 Nov 2013 — by admin
Category Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Procedures

Introduction:

Glucose test is one of the most commonly performed tests in the blood by the Clinical Laboratory.  Glucose is a monosaccharide derived from the digestion of carbohydrates.  They are extremely vital to proper body function and are therefore good indicators of an existing pathologic condition in a patient when elevated above normal values.

glucose-orthotoluidine

The Ortho – toluidine method is a condensation method making use of aromatic amines. The principle of the test is based on the ability of aromatic amines in acid solution to condense with the aldehyde group of glucose to form glycosylamine (glucosylamine) and a schiff base.

II.   MATERIALS:

disposable syringe, 5 cc           applicator stick

tourniquet                                water bath

test tubes, 13 x 100                 2 cuvettes

test tube rack                           4 serological pipettes, 1 ml

4 serological pipets, 5 ml                  pasteur pipet

aspirator

III.  PROCEDURE

1. Set up four test tubes and label them as follows:

Blank (RB), Unknown (SA),   and Standard  (ST).

2. To the  specific tubes  pipet as indicated below:

Blank                   0.1 ml of distilled water.

Unknown             0.1 ml unhemolyzed serum

Standard              0.1 ml working standard

3. To all of the tubes, add 4.0 ml of the orthotoluidine reagent and mix thoroughly.

4. Place in a boiling water bath for  8 minutes.

5. Cool immediately in cold water for 2 – 3 minutes.

6. Read at wavelength 635 nm against a blank.

7. Calculate the concentration of blood glucose using the following equation:

O.D. of the Unknown/Control

———————————— x 2– mgs% = ng Glucose

O.D. of the Standard

N.B. To convert mg% to mmol/L, multiply mgs% obtained by 0.0555

NORMAL RANGE: 60 – 110 MGS%

- 6.05 MMOL/l (S.I. Units)

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Preparation of Solutions; Calibration of Volumetric Flasks and Serological Pipets

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Posted 01 Nov 2013 — by admin
Category Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Procedures, Laboratory equipment

Introduction:

In the Clinical Chemistry section, procedures require accurate measurements of specimens and reagents to ensure reliable results. Volumetric instruments must be accurate and reliable and calibrations should be verified.

Volumetric instruments include pipets, volumetric flasks, and burets.

preparation-of_solutions

OBJECTIVES :   At the end of the experiment, the student shall have:

* identified  the volumetric instruments  used in Clinical Chemistry;

* discussed  the  specific use of each volumetric instrument;

* drawn and labeled  the  volumetric instruments;

* demonstrated  the  proper use of the different instruments;

* prepared  solutions correctly using the proper glassware.

II.    MATERIALS

serological pipet                      aspirator

volumetric flask, 100 ml                   water

test tube rack

III.    PROCEDURE

1. Calibration  of  Volumetric Apparatus:

2. Fill up to the mark the volumetric flask and serological pipet.

3. Weigh the volume of distilled water contained on both glasswares.

4. Calculate the true volume of glasswares by the formula:

Weight of dist. H2O

True volume of glassware   =  ————————–

Density of H2O AST

5. Calculate the percent error.

True Volume- Experimental Volume

% ERROR = ———————————————x 100%

True Volume

6. Record data.

Preparation of Solutions:

1. Half fill the volumetric flask (100 ml) with distilled water.

2. Gently pour 8.33 ml of concentrated HCl into the flask.

3. Fill with distilled water up to the mark.

4. Mix well by inversion and transfer to a clean glass container.

5.     The solution you prepared is 1 N HCl (100 ml)

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Amazing Health Benefits of Beets

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Posted 26 Oct 2013 — by admin
Category Diseases and Conditions, Health Procedures, Keeping Healthy

You may not know it but there are inexpensive but healthy foods you can include in your diet. Beets are one of them. Not everyone knows the amazing health benefits of beets. Beets contain essential nutrients that the body needs to perform its various physiologic functions. These seemingly innocuous root vegetable is considered one of the world’s healthiest foods. The benefits of beets come from its following components:

benefits of beets

Beets, Image credit: food.com

Betalains

Betalains are phytonutrients that help detoxify the body of harmful foods and waste products of metabolism. There are two common types of Betalains, betanin and vulgaxanthin.  Studies have shown that aside from the antioxidant property, Betalains could also act as anti-inflammatory and detoxifying agents. Studies also revealed that Betanin could also reduce cell tumor growth.

When the body is not detoxified, intoxication would occur, the body’s normal pH of 7.35 to 7.45 would be drastically altered and the person could go into a coma, and then eventually death, if left untreated.

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are the “go foods” of the body. With carbohydrates, the body has enough energy to perform man’s daily tasks. Carbohydrates perform this function by providing the necessary nourishment for the body cells to function. Carbohydrates are reduced to monosaccharides in the small intestines and the liver to produce energy for the body’s consumption.

Tryptophan

This substance helps promotes a sense of well-being by relaxing the mind and reducing stress. With relaxation, the blood pressure stabilizes, and the vital signs, such as, pulse rate, respiration and heart beat becomes normal. Stress and anxiety increase blood pressure, pulse rate, respiration and heartbeat. These conditions, in turn, can lead to hypertension, blood-gas imbalance, improper blood circulation, and respiratory problems.

Vitamins

Vitamins A, B and C are essential components for the body’s growth and development. Vitamin A is responsible for healthy skin and eyes, while Vitamin B is crucial for red blood cells (RBC) development, and Vitamin C, for teeth and gums. Deficiency of these vitamins could lead to Vitamin B deficiency anemia, pyorrhea (bleeding and inflammation of gums) and irregularities in the skin.

Minerals

Minerals such as, phosphorous, magnesium and calcium are found in beets. Phosphorous, in the form of inorganic phosphate, is vital for the digestion and metabolism of food. Magnesium takes part in important nerve impulse transmissions, while calcium is needed for bone and teeth development. Without these minerals, certain body functions would not occur properly.

Betain

Betain is one of the most common components of drugs used to treat depression. Just like tryptophan, it contributes to a person’s sense of well-being. When a person is mentally healthy, the risk of incurring pathologic conditions brought about by stress and anxiety is reduced. Betain also acts as an inflammatory agent that could reduce swelling in joints during gouty arthritis or trauma.

These are some components that contribute to the health benefits of beets to man. If you are one of those health- conscious persons, who want to eat inexpensive but healthy foods, then you may want to add beets to your diet the next time around.

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Points to Remember in Operating the Spectrophotometer

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Posted 26 Oct 2013 — by admin
Category Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Procedures, Laboratory equipment

POINTS TO REMEMBER

* When reading solutions, keep them free of bubbles.  Bubbles give inaccurate measurements.
* Make sure that all sample holders are at least 3/4ths or 1/2 full.
* Use the same cuvettes designed for both sample and blank measurements.
* Use cuvettes designed particularly for Spectronic 20-D.
* Make sure that the index mark (fiducial line) on the test tube aligns with the mark on the adapter.
* During extended operation at a fixed wavelength, check from time to time the digital for 100%T or 0.0 A drifts. (T-100;A=0.0)
spectrophotometer_tips
* Use clean test tubes and do not touch the test tubes below the fiducial line.
* NEVER, NEVER brush your cuvettes.  Scratches on the test tube will affect your reading. for both sample and blank measurements.
* Use cuvettes designed particularly for Spectronic 20-D.
* Make sure that the index mark (fiducial line) on the test tube aligns with the mark on the adapter.
* During extended operation at a fixed wavelength, check from time to time the digital for 100%T or 0.0 A drifts.
* Use clean test tubes and do not touch the test tubes below the fiducial line.

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How to Operate the Spectrophotometer

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Posted 25 Oct 2013 — by admin
Category Clinical Chemistry, Health Procedures, Laboratory Procedures, Laboratory equipment

Introduction:

Spectrophotometry is the measurement of light intensity produced by a substance after a chemical reaction.  The intensity or depth of the color of the solution is then used as a measure of the concentration of the substance being determined.

In Clinical Chemistry, almost  all laboratory  determinations  require the use of a spectrophotometer , so it is vital that proper utilization and care of this apparatus be learned to ensure the section’s ultimate goal – that of  obtaining reliable results.

spectro-pipettes

I.     OBJECTIVES: At the end of the  experiment,  the student shall have:

* identified the different operational parts of the spectrophotometer;

*discussed the function of each operational part;

*drawn and labeled the spectrophotometer;

*demonstrated the proper utilization of the spectrophotometer.

II. MATERIALS

Spectronic  20 – D                     volumetric flask

serological pipettes                  cuvettes

pasteur pipette                           test tube , 13 x 100

test tube rack

III.           PROCEDURE

Identify the operating  features of the spectrophotometer, specifically the Spectronic  20 – D.

  • DIGITAL READ-OUT DEVICE – It displays the wavelength and data readings. The four led status indicators, next to the labels TRANSMITTANCE, ABSORBANCE, CONCENTRATION, and FACTOR , indicate MODE currently active.
  • WAVELENGTH CONTROL – selects the desired analytical wavelength control of the instrument. The selected wavelength is indicated on the left side of the LED display.
  • POWER SWITCH/ZERO CONTROL – the ON/OFF main power switch is operated by the Zero Control Knob.  The zero control knob sets the display to a 0.0% readout when the test tube adapter is empty and the adapter is closed.
  • TRANSMITTANCE/ABSORBANCE CONTROL – this control sets the display to 100% T (0.0A) with a blank reference solution.  It must be re-set whenever the analytical wavelength has been changed.  When operating a fixed wavelength for an extended period of time, check the 100% T readout and readjust if necessary.

  • MODE SELECT – this control selects the TRANSMITTANCE, ABSORBANCE, CONCENTRATION, or FACTOR mode.

  • FACTOR ADJUST CONTROLS – The push button labeled INCREASE and DECREASE are used in the CONCENTRATION and FACTOR value, press and hold down the DECREASE button until the desired value is displayed.  To set a higher value, press and hold down the INCREASE button until the desired value is displayed.
  • Turn on the Spectronic 20-D by turning the POWER SWITCH/ZERO CONTROL (knob on the left side of the instrument) clockwise.  Allow the spectrophotometer to warm up for at least fifteen minutes to stabilize the source and detector.
  • After the warm-up period, set the wavelength control knob to the desired wavelength , for this experiment it is 540.
  • Set the display mode to transmittance by pressing the MODE control key until the LED beside TRANSMITTANCE is lit.
  • Adjust the display to 0.00 with the POWER/SWITCH CONTROL.  Make sure the sample compartment is empty.
  • Fill a clean cell (cuvette or cuvet) with water (or another blank solution) and wipe the cell with a tissue to remove liquid droplets, dust and fingerprints.  Place the cell in the sample compartment and align the guide mark on the cell with the guide mark at the front of the sample compartment.  Press the cell firmly into the sample compartment and close the lid.
  • TRANSMITTANCE MEASUREMENTS – Adjust the display to 100% T with the Transmittance/Absorbance control.  Remove the cell from the sample compartment and empty the water.
  • ABSORBANCE MEASUREMENT – In the Transmittance Mode, adjust the display to 100% T with the Transmittance/Absorbance Control.  Press the Mode control key until the LED beside absorbance is lit.  Fine tune display to 0.00 A with the Transmittance/Absorbance Control knob.  Remove the cell from the sample compartment and empty the water.
  • Rinse the cell twice with small volumes of a 1:25 dilution of methyl orange stock solution and fill it with  3/4ths full of the solution. Wipe the cell with a tissue paper and insert into cell compartment.  Align the guide mark and close the lid.
  • Read Absorbance directly from the display window (digital read-out) Take note of your readings.
  • Obtain two readings by zeroing with the blank first before each reading.

    • N.B. It is important to reset the display to 0.00 A or 100% T every time the wavelength is changed.

  • When all measurements are completed, turn off the apparatus by turning the POWER SWITCH / ZERO Control knob counter clockwise until it clicks.
  • Turn off the adapter and then unplug the instrument.
  • Wipe the instrument of dust and grime and cover.
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    How Many Sperm Cells Are Considered Normal?

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    Posted 21 Oct 2013 — by admin
    Category Keeping Healthy, Physiology

    How Many Sperm Cells Are Considered Normal? How many ribs does the body have? How many lumbar nerves? How many spinal cord injuries could a human being suffer? How many smokers in the US? How many number of IPTV in India? These are some questions that people would like the answer to. If you want to learn about the number of anything under the sun, then you could, with a little bit of help online. This could be a number of measurements, duration of time, or scientific facts that could prove useful to you.

    In science, some facts about certain numbers are the following:

    Number of ribs in men and women

    Some people believe that men have lesser ribs than women. This may have stemmed from the Bible story where God took one rib from Adam to create, Eve, his female counterpart. The truth is both male and female human beings possess the same number of ribs – 2 pairs of floating ribs, 7 pairs of true ribs, and 3  pairs of false ribs, for a total of 24 ribs.

    Number of Sperm in a normal person

    Most books reveal that the normal number of sperm found in man ranges from 60 million to 150 million. This does not mean though all values falling below 60 million are sterile males. The number of sperms lower than 60 million in man could still be able to fertilize the female egg, with a little help, as long as it does not fall below 20 million.

    sperms

    Sperms: www.drmalpani.com

    Number of times a person urinates during the night

    During the night, a person urinates less often because his body also stops taking in water. More or less the body discards around 300 to 500 mL of urine. This means urinating once or twice only. Profuse urination during the night (nocturia) may indicate an underlying condition, such as, diabetes mellitus. Painful urination (dysuria) may indicate existing kidney diseases.  Scanty urination (oliguria) and absence of urine (anuria) are also symptoms of a renal disease, and a visit to the doctor is necessary.

    Number of times a blood extraction is performed on infants

    Blood extraction is performed with certain precautions; the weight of the infant should be taken into consideration. Usually, for every kilogram body weight, the phlebotomist could extract one mL of blood. Hence, if the infant is underweight, then lesser blood should be extracted. For adults, the weight is usually not considered because their diet quickly compensates for the few mL of blood extracted.

    Number of times a urine specimen is examined before concluding non-kidney related conditions

    Non-kidney related conditions should only be arrived at when the urine specimen of a patient has been examined thrice. The sample should be the mid-stream catch-early morning urine. This is because early morning urine samples are more concentrated and more reliable. If after three urinalysis tests are done and the urine specimen  still yields negative results, then that is the only time that diagnosis are done. The physician should also consider physical symptoms, other diagnostic tests performed, and the patient’s history before a diagnosis is done.

    These are only some of the numbers worth knowing. If you want to know more about the number of anything, you can do so with a little help from “number of.”

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    Sweating Causes Loss of Electrolytes; Is This One of the Culprits in Manny Pacquiao’s Latest Defeats?

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    Posted 19 Oct 2013 — by admin
    Category Diseases and Conditions, Health Procedures, Home Remedies, Keeping Healthy

    Sweating could cause loss of electrolytes, such as sodium and chloride, which are the two major electrolytes involved in the body’s water electrolyte balance. The body has to maintain homeostasis with regards to its water and electrolyte content so that the body could function properly.

    Sodium and Chloride

    Sodium takes active part in the process, while chloride takes a passive role. When imbalance occurs inside the body, the blood pH would be altered causing serious conditions that alter the physiologic stability of the body. This may result to death, if not properly managed.  When a person sweats during physical exertion, sodium and chloride are also excreted. Hence, proper hydration should be done when there is profuse sweating.

    electrolytes-loss
    Solution to dehydration caused by sweating

    The root cause should be determined when excessive sweating occurs. If it is a disease, then it should be treated first. Remember that sweating, when not caused by heat or physical exertion, is a symptom of a certain ailment.

    If you are not exercising, or if the weather should not cause you to sweat, and you’re still sweating, then it is time you should visit your doctor. It could be pathologic.

    Hyrdate often

    You should drink lots of water to compensate for your body’s water loss. This would help retain the electrolytes and water in your system. Preparing a mixture of saline water (salt water) could help as well. Add a pinch of salt to a glass of water. Add half-teaspoon of sugar, mix and drink. Ensure that your salt solution is not too salty because this is also detrimental to your health.

    There are oral preparations sold commercially that could compensate for your water-electrolyte loss. You can use them, but you have to read their content carefully before using them, you might be allergic to certain components.

    During Manny Pacquiao’s recent fights, the Filipino boxing superstar complained of muscle weakness in the legs. This might be one of the causes.

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